al-Ḥurr b. Yazīd al-Riyāḥī al-Yarbūʿī al-Tamīmī

HurrEI.pdf al-Ḥurr b. Yazīd b. Nādjiya b. Kaʿnab b. ʿAttāb b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAmr b. Hammām al-Riyāḥī, al-Yarbūʿī, al-Tamīmī came at the head of a troop of 1000 horsemen from al-Ḳādisiyya as a vanguard of the forces sent by ɈUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, the governor of al-ɈIrāḳ against al-Ḥusayn b. ɈAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. The latter was advancing at the time with a group of his kindred and followers in the direction of al-Kūfa. AlḤurr was ordered to follow closely the group of al-Ḥusayn so as to bring him to ɈUbayd Allāh in al-Kūfa; he was however not told to fight. Accordingly he kept close to the camp of al-Ḥusayn and prevented him from turning back to al-Madīna, but agreed that he should proceed in a direction other than al-Kūfa. The relations between al-Ḥurr and al-Ḥusayn were not at first hostile: he even prayed behind al-Ḥusayn; he denied at the same time having any knowledge of the letters sent by the people of al-Kūfa to alḤusayn. Rigidly adhering to a new order received from ɈUbayd Allāh (2 Muḥarram 61/2 October 680) he prevented al-Ḥusayn and his followers from arriving at a settled place, compelling them to pitch their camp in the barren spot of Karbalāɇ. When ɈUmar b. SaɈd b. Abī Waḳḳāṣ, heading the forces dispatched by ɈUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, rejected the proposals of al-Ḥusayn and decided to fight him, al-Ḥurr decided to join al-Ḥusayn, although knowing that the latter's situation was desperate. He expressed his regret, went over with a small group of his followers to al-Ḥusayn and the latter promised him God's forgiveness. He fought bravely, killed two warriors of the force of ɈUmar b. SaɈd and was finally killed (10 Muḥarram 61/10 October 680). The tradition about the repentance of al-Ḥurr, his audacity in the encounter and his heroic death became part of the story of the martyrdom of al-Ḥusayn. (M. J. Kister) Bibliography Ibn al-Kalbī, Djamhara, Ms. Br. Mus., fol. 71b al-Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, Ms., fols. 241b, 242a-b, 245a-b, 246a, 251a, 994a, 997a Ṭabarī, index MasɈūdī, Murūdj, Cairo 1357, iii, 10 Abu ɇl-Faradj al-Iṣfahānī, Maḳātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, ed. Aḥmad Ṣaḳr, Cairo 1949, 110-111 al-Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, ed. ɈAbd al-MunɈim ɈĀmir and Djamāl al-Dīn alShayyāl, Cairo 1960, 249-52, 256 Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya, viii, 170, 172-4, 179, 180, 182-3 Ibn Ḥazm, Djamharat ansāb al-ʿArab, ed. Lévi-Provençal, Cairo 1948, 215 Ibn Athīr, iv, 38-41, 43, 51, 54-5, 57 Ibn Ḥadjar, al-Iṣāba, Cairo 1323, ii, 16 inf. al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, al-Irshād, al-Nadjaf 1963, 224-7, 235-7 al-Ṭabarsī, Iʿlām al-warā (ed. 1312 H), 137-8, 143-5 Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāḳib āl Abī Ṭālib, al-Nadjaf 1956, 246, 249 al-Madjlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, Tehran 1385 H, xliv, 375-80, xlv, 13-5 ɈAbd Allāh b. Muḥ. al-Shubrāwī, al-Itḥāf bi-ḥubbi ʾl-ashrāf, Cairo 1316, 45-7, 61 Muḥ. al-Ṣabbān, Isʿāf al-rāghibīn (on margin of Nūr al-abṣār), 188 al-Shablandjī, Nūr al-abṣār fī manāḳib āl bayt al-nabī al-mukhtār, Cairo 1345, 129, 130 al-Isfarāɇīnī, Nūr al-ʿayn fī mashhad al-Ḥusayn, 1280 H, 34-5, 38 Muḥsin Amīn Ḥusaynī al-ɈĀmilī, Aʿyān al-shīʿa, Damascus 1945, xx, 369-86 W. Muir, The Caliphate (ed. Weir), 1924, 308 J. Wellhausen, Die religiös-politischen Oppositions-parteien, Berlin 1901, 65-6 (Ar. transl. by ɈAbd al-Raḥmān Badawī, Cairo 1958, 170-2, 175) Ḥasan Ibrāhīm Ḥasan, Taʾrīkh al-Islām al-siyāsī, Cairo 1935, i, 419. [Print Version: Volume III, page 587, column 2] Citation: Kister, M. J. "al-Ḥurr b. Yazīd b. Nādjiya b. KaɈnab b. ɈAttāb b. al-Ḥārith b. ɈAmr b. Hammām al-Riyāḥī, al-YarbūɈī, al-Tamīmī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; and W. P. Heinrichs.